Lance Paul Larsen, a resident of Hawaii, brought a claim against the Hawaiian Kingdom by its Council of Regency (“Hawaiian Kingdom”) on the grounds that the Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom is in continual violation of: (a) its 1849 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation with the United States of America, as well as the principles of international law laid down in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 and (b) the principles of international comity, for allowing the unlawful imposition of American municipal laws over the claimant’s person within the territorial jurisdiction of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
In determining whether to accept or decline to exercise jurisdiction, the Tribunal considered the questions of whether there was a legal dispute between the parties to the proceeding, and whether the tribunal could make a decision regarding that dispute, if the very subject matter of the decision would be the rights or obligations of a State not party to the proceedings.
The Tribunal underlined the many points of agreement between the parties, particularly with respect to the propositions that Hawaii was never lawfully incorporated into the United States, and that it continued to exist as a matter of international law. The Tribunal noted that if there existed a dispute, it concerned whether the respondent has fulfilled what both parties maintain is its duty to protect the Claimant, not in the abstract but against the acts of the United States of America as the occupant of the Hawaiian islands. Moreover, the United States’ actions would not give rise to a duty of protection in international law unless they were themselves unlawful in international law. The Tribunal concluded that it could not determine whether the Respondent has failed to discharge its obligations towards the Claimant without ruling on the legality of the acts of the United States of America – something the Tribunal was precluded from doing as the United States was not party to the case.
Case information
Name(s) of Claimant(s)
Lance Paul Larsen (Private entity )
Name(s) of Respondent(s)
The Hawaiian Kingdom (State)
Names of Parties
-
Case number
1999-01
Administering institution
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Case status
Concluded
Type of case
Other proceedings
Subject matter or economic sector
Treaty interpretation
Procedural rules
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976
Treaty or contract under which proceedings were commenced
Other
Language of Proceeding
English
Seat of Arbitration (by Country)
Netherlands
Arbitrator(s), Conciliator(s), Other Neutral(s)
Dr. Gavan Griffith QC
Professor Christopher J. Greenwood QC
Professor James Crawford SC (President of the Tribunal)
Representatives of the Claimant(s)
Ms. Ninia Parks, Counsel and Agent
Representatives of the Respondent(s)
Mr. David Keanu Sai, Agent
Mr. Peter Umialiloa Sai, First deputy agent
Mr. Gary Victor Dubin, Second deputy agent and counsel
Annex 2 - Joint Resolution - To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to the native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.